USSR is the acronym, in Portuguese, the term” Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which were also known and referred to simply as the Soviet Union, whose period of validity as the Socialist State realized between the years of 1922 and 1991.
The USSR was created by the bolsheviks (members of the ruling Worker in the Russian Social-democratic), whose leader was Vladimir Ilitch Lenin (1870 – 1924). Its existence is considered as one of the consequences generated by the Russian Revolution occurred in 1917.
Moscow, capital of Russia, was the seat of power of the USSR and the one-party regime centered was led by the Communist Party, which was considered the extreme left.
With the overthrow of the provisional government, Lenin and his party took power and created the Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian, and, soon after, gave up the beginning of the Russian Civil War (1918 – 1921), where each political party or group was to deploy its own system of government. The stakeholders of each movement were: the Red Army (bolshevik), the anarchists (Army Insurgent Makhnovista) and the nationalists (Army Green).
Who stood out and won the war was the Red Army which, moreover, helped the communists to take the power of the territories that had been occupied by the former Russian Empire.
Another important feat achieved by the bolsheviks was the unification of several republics under the leadership of Russia, including Ukraine and Belarus. In total, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 soviet socialist republics.
Interestingly, the USSR was also known by the acronym CCCP as a way of latinizar the term Russian, or is, to facilitate the comprehension, writing, and verbalization especially in the western world.
Geographically, the Soviet Union occupied a good part of the Northern Hemisphere, whose territory was almost three times higher than the United States and thus represented one-sixth of the land surface of the planet.
The security of the State was exercised by the KGB, one of the most important police agencies in the world and one of the most feared due to its strong acting repressive.
On the other hand, the armed force of the Soviet Union was considered one of the greatest world powers, a time that stood out for its excellent production of military equipment which are until today used in several countries. In addition to rifles and fighter jets, it is worth noting the significant manufacture of atomic bombs, which many speculate that Russia hold a stock saved.
Already in the Economy, it was the USSR the initiative of being the first Federation to adopt a planned economy, which consists in the centralization by Government of the production and distribution of goods. With the advent of the war, the Soviet Union went from an economy working for a fast industrial economy.
The USSR and Socialism
Socialism was implemented in 1917 with the emergence of the USSR. Around the second half of the TWENTIETH century, the countries of Eastern Europe, China, Cuba and some others from Asia and Africa have joined this political model.
Unlike capitalism (which had as its greatest exponent in the United States), socialism was characterised by the equal division of wealth among the entire population. In addition, the society was not divided into classes, that is, the founder was off in the relationship of employees and employers, with a view that the work should be carried out together for the benefit of all.
Another point that is peculiar to the communist system is the model of the centrally planned economy and controlled by the State, which is responsible for all segments of the economy, as well as the regulation of production of the products, control of their prices and even the value of wages.
In other words, competition, which is peculiar to Capitalism, virtually does not exist in Socialism. As to education and health care, both of which are fully public, while in Capitalism there is the presence of two types of entities, namely: the public and the private.
In Socialism, there is the idea of profit, as taxes duly collected are directed to the State and when you get a surplus value this part is divided between all the people known as proletariados. If in Capitalism the division of classes has generated social inequalities and poverty, in Socialism there is no possibility that such a problem from occurring, since all individuals live equally.
On the currents of philosophical thought, there were several movements socialists in the USSR that influenced the revolution, although the ones that stood out have been the philosophers of the German Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895). However, other philosophical currents have also been developed in the Soviet Union, as is the case with Scientific Socialism and Anarchism.
The USSR in the Second World War
Nazi Germany had great power during this period, while the USSR had not established good alliances with countries considered to be antinazistas, as is the case of the French and the british.
In this way, the output found in 1939 has been to seek appeasement with the nazis through an agreement called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact which was a treaty of non-aggression German-soviet.
According to this treaty, there would be five years of peace between the Soviet Union and Germany. In addition, both invaded the territories of Poland, Finland and the Baltic Countries by dividing the spaces conquered.
However, Germany decided to invade unexpectedly, in June of 1941, the territory of soviet union (Operation Barbarossa) by breaking the agreement.
The USSR and the Cold War
The Cold War was a conflict that occurred after the Second World War and the disputes were carried out in an indirect way. To some experts, if the battle had occurred directly to the human life, would have been wiped out due to the strong nuclear weaponry in existence.
It was a conflict of ideology that divided the world: on the one hand the capitalists led by the United States and the other communists, who had, as leader of the Soviet Union. As the clash between both powers involved the political, economic, military, technological, and social, became known as the Cold War, since that victory was not feasible, if there was a nuclear confrontation.
Symbolically, the Cold War had its end with the Fall of the Berlin Wall, which thus enabled the reunification of Germany in the early 1990s. Several agreements emerged in this period between the United States and Russia for the realization of the process of military disarmament.